In this blog, we will explore individual Phase-Nosie contributors in a Phase-Locked Loop, how they get shaped by closed loop, and how they combine to produce typical Phase-Noise profile of a PLL. This fundamental understanding is vital in optimizing Phase-Noise …
In the previous blog, we discussed about what is Oscillator Pulling. Oscillator Pulling can be explained from another point of view. If a sinusoid at the frequency of w1=wLO+∆w is injected into the oscillator operating at the frequency of wLO …
What is oscillator pulling and how is it generated? One of the problems faced while designing a transmitter is Oscillator Pulling or sometimes called Injection Pulling. The output power of a power amplifier is very high which we already know, …
Have you ever imagined of a single parameter that entirely captures the performance of your RF line-up? Yes, Error Vactor Magnitude (EVM) is such a powerful metric that it encapsulates the information regarding system linearity, noise floor, and phase-noise simultaneously. …
What is linearity? Linearity is the property of a mathematical relationship or function, which can be graphically represented as a straight line. Linearity can be graphically represented as a straight line. We always expect to have this kind of outputs …
This blog talks about the carrier leakage within the transmitter. The analog base circuitry producing the quadrature signals in a transmitter exhibits DC offset. What is DC offset? DC offset is coming from local oscillator leakage. The local oscillator leakage …
In this blog we will discuss about the challenges faced in designing RF transmitters, focusing on direct conversion transmitters. I/Q mismatch What is an I/Q mismatch? We have already discussed this before in receiver blogs and read about I/Q mismatch. …
Introduction to Direct Conversion Transmitter Similar to direct conversion receivers we have direct conversion transmitters. When we are receiving RF modulated signal we are trying to translate it to baseband frequency we call it direct down conversion. Similarly, we have …
Amplitude Modulation RF signal utilizes the signal called carrier signals. In simple language it is just an AC signal at a set frequency, in other words, think of it as a link that connects the communication points. AC signals generate …
In this blog section, we will talk about transmitters and their different architectures. We have now finished our receiver blogs check them out RF system design of Receivers. We will be introducing the main blocks of the transmitter, Let’s start …